Indian currency adding machine



April 1954 N. R. FRIEBERG ,17

INDIAN CURRENCY ADDING MACHINE Filed April 21, 1953 3 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR NELSON R. FRIEBERG 4 QM w/Q'wm HIS ATTORNEYS April 13, 1954 N. R. FRIEBERG INDIAN CURRENCY ADDING MACHINE 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April 21, 1953 INVENTOR 1$: NELSON R. FRIEBERG April 13, 1954 N. R. FRIEBERG INDIAN CURRENCY ADDING MACHINE 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed April 21, 1953 INVENTOR NELSON R. FRIEBERG Patented Apr. 13, 1954 INDIAN CURRENCY ADDING MACHINE Nelson It. Frieberg, Ithaca, N. Y assignor to The National Cash Register Company, Dayton, Ohio, a corporation of Maryland Application April 21, 1953, Serial No. 349,998

2 Claims. 1

This invention relates to a, calculating machine capable of receiving and printing entries of data based on the Indian currency system of pies, am has and rupees.

As is common knowledge, there are 12 pics in an anna, and 16 annas in a rupee. The rupees are received and accumulated decimally, and the printing all three currency units is done decimally. That is to say, there areno printed digits other than the decimal digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 0 to present a number of pies or annas in excess of nine.

In a machine which must deal with rupees in the decimal notation it is practical to accumulate twelve annas in a single totalizer wheel and print the characters 1 to 11 and. 0," from a single printing member adjusted according to the amount entered or withdrawn from the wheel, and such is done in the sterling system where the lowest order is based on the pence notation of twelve pence in a shilling. This machine has such known construction for the lowest order totalizer wheel and printing bar as there are twelve pies in an anna.

However, in dealing with annas, it is impractical to have a single totalizer wheel having sixteen steps of movement and a corresponding printing member having the type representing the characters 1 to 15, and 0.

This invention includes a construction wherein two totalizer wheels are provided'for the annas, the lowest order of the two anna wheels transferring to the higher order on every eighth unit, and the higher order anna wheel transferring to the lowest order of rupee Wheels on every second unit. The lowest order anna denominational bank is controlled by seven digit keys .1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 but the associated printer member has type arranged thereon to represent the digits 1 to .9, and 0, but are ranged in the following :order: 8, 9, 0, 1, ,1, a4, 5, ,1: and H7 h difierentiaal for the lowest-anna denominational order is split, one element being connected to the printer and the other element being connected to the rack which moves the associated totalizer wheel. When no'key in the higher annas bank of keys i'sdepressed, and the machine is operated, the printer element of the lower order is given two free steps of movement before being under control of the rack-connected differential element for whatever additional movement may be given it under control of the keys of the lower annas bank. However, if a key is depressed in the higher annas keybank the two difierential elements of the lower annas bank are'locked together. As will be-explainedflithere are bridge connections between the followingpairs of anna keys:

so that if the higher value key of a1 pair. is operated, the connecting bridge will operate the other of a pair. It is also arranged that while the keys of the lower annas bank control the associated differential to move a numberofsteps equal to the value of the operated key, any keys of the higher annas bank, when operated, permits only one step of movement of the higher annas totalizer wheel and printer member. The printer member associated with the higher annas bank has only one type character 1. As no printing member type is in position at printing station while the machine is at rest, an initial zero step of movement is permitted the two diiferentials to bring the first type in each bank to-printing position, as is usual in calculatingmachines of the type which will be described.

There is also provided means by which thelowor order annas printing hammer is rend'ered ineife'ctive ordinarily until at least the "0 type 'is opposite the printing station eliminating the Tens of Eights of Rupees Units of Annas Anne's Pies .It will become apparent :from the description Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the bridging between pairs of keys in the two rows of anna keys.

Fig. 3 is an elevation of the bridging construction between pairs of keysin the two rows of anna keys. 1

Fig. 4 is a piece of record tape showing a typical 7 listing of items and their total as produced by the machine.

Fig. 5 is a vertical section through the machine, from front to rear, to the right of the Fig. 6 is ade'tail' showing'of the two steps of free movement given theprinter half of the split differential of lowest annas bank, when no key is depressed in the highestannas bank.

Fig. 7 is a vertical section, from front to rear, to the right of the highest annas bank, showing the locking mechanism for preventing the extra steps of movement of the printer half of the split differential of the lowest annas bank.

Fig. 8 shows the means to prevent premature movement of vthe .printerhalf of thesplit differentialof lowest annas bank.

Fig. 9 ,is a detail'showing how the unlatching movement ,of the printing hammer latch of the highest anna's bank is transmitted to the latch of the lowest annas bank- General description The invention isembodied in a machine having a main drive means, a keyboard mechanism,

diiierential mechanism, a totalizer, and a printer keyboard 32 (Fig. 1) and the machine set in operation by depressing the Add motor bar 33 if the item is to be added, or by depressing the Subtract motor bar 34 if the amount is to be subtracted.

Foreach of therows of keys .32, except the lowest order of annas keys, bracketed by bracket 38, there is a diverging lever like that shown at 36 (Fig. 7) mounted on a cross shaft 31 at intervals corresponding to the spacing of the key rows. The lowest order row 38 (Fig. 5) of annas keys has a split, or double, diverginglever consisting of the stop bar and totalizer portion 39 (Fig. 5) and the printer portion 40, independently rotatable on shaft 31, except as willjbe described. The pies rows of keys 35 have a single diverging lever associated therewith, controlled by the keys 1 to 11 inclusive, in the manner shown and described in United States Letters Patent 2,476,853 which issued on the application of Roland- G. Fowler which relates toga duo.i-decimal keybank and associated differential mechanism. As the only relation of the pies section of the machine to the novel mechanism is the transfer of a unit of data to the lowest anna. totali'zer wheel on the pies totalizer wheel passing through zero no discussion of that orders mechanism need be made. 7, i

As disclosed in said Carlson et al. application, the diverging levers each have an associated stop bar pivoted thereto, the stop bar 4| for the lowest annas bank being pivoted to the upper extending arm 42 of portion 39 of its split diverging lever, and the stop bar 43 for the highest annas bank being pivoted to upper arm 44 of its diverging lever, as are all the other stop bars. All of the stop bars are supported at the front end by a guide comb 45, for sliding movement, and each stop her is urged forwardly by a spring, like springs 46 and 41 (Figs. 5 and 7), extending between it and the guide comb 45. The tension of the mentioned springs tends to turn "the diverging lever counter-clockwise (in the case of the lowest order annas bank the element 39) but they are stop bars to move forwardly until stopped by the -associated zero stop elements, which are numbered 49 and 50 in the denominational banks shown in Figs. 5 and 7, or by a depressed key.

The keys are slidably mounted in alined slots in an upper plate 5| and in a lower plate 52 of the keybank unit, and each'is resiliently held in an up or restored condition by its individual spring, such as spring 53 (Fig. '7). There is a latching shutter extending along the left side of each row of key stems and a zero-stop shutter extending along the right side of each row of key stems. The zero-stop shutter as (Fig. '7), which is typical, is pivoted, in the end plates 55 and 56 of the keybank unit and is held against the key stems, with which it is associated, by a spring, not shown. As a key is depressed, a formation on the side of the key rocks the shutter and moves the zero-stop element secured thereto, out of the path of movement of stop bar 43 which otherwise would be stopped after moving the distance 51 which permits the first type element to come to the printing station, as will be explained. The latching shutter for the keys shown in Fig. '7 is behind shutter 54 and cannot be seen, but it is mounted like shutter 54 and is urged against the left sides of the key stems against latching formations to hold a depressed key down during a machine operation. These elements are restored at the conclusion of a machine cycle as disclosed in the mentioned Carlson et al. application. A portion 51a of the latching shutter of the next lowest order of keys is shown, and from such showing the construction of the latching shutter may be deduced.

The printing mechanism On a 'rearwardly extending arm of printing portion 40 (Fig. 5) of the split diverging lever assembly associated with the lowest annas bank. is pivoted, by means of adjusting link 58 a printer bar 59 mounted, in guide combs 5!] and iii, for vertical sliding movement. In a case 62 attached to the top'of the printer bar are individual type resiliently retracted, as shown, but adapted to be driven toward a printing platen E3,

smears shown diagrammaticallm if opposite "the' printing station, indicated by the arrow, by printing hammer 64, urged in that direction by spring 55 but held latched while the machine is at rest by a latch 66. The elements 58:59, 62, 64, 65 and 66 are typical of those common to all of the denominational banks. The particular printer bar shown is unique in having the type thereon in the Order 8, 9, no 'rr1,"n2, ins, n4, n5, 6, and 7. At mid-cycle, after the diverging levers have been set according to the amount set-up on the keyboard, and the printing bars are adjusted accordingly, the printing latches of those banks in which an amount is to be printed are released.

The unlatching of the hammers will bed-e scribed first with reference to'the highest bank oi annas, as it is standard for all the banks except that shown in Fig. 5. First of all, the type case 61 of the highest annas bank has a blank type 68 which does not print, and a 1 which does print. In home position both the blank type and the 1 are below the printing station indicated by the arrow on the platen. In this position a stud 69 on the printer bar has rocked a latch release pawl 70, rockably mounted ona bail H, so its nose 12 is not in line with surface I3 on hammer latch 14. The unlatching movement is originated bya stud on a lever 16 secured to a drive shaft Tl, coupled to shaft 30 by means shown in the Carlson et a1. application, said shaft duplicating in movement the rocking of shaft 39. At mid-cycle stud 15 strikes surface '38 on an arm 19 pivoted on a shaft 80. Arm 19 and another like it, also pivoted on shaft 80, support the bail H which is rocked clockwise around shaft 80 as stud 15 rocks arm I9. In the position of the parts as shown, nose 12 misses surface 13 and hammer 8! will not be released. However, if the stop bar 43 is given one or .more steps of movement by reason of having had a key depressed, that is to say, a movement in addition to that caused by the gap distance 5'! between the front end of the stop bar and the zero-stop element, the stud 69 will have risen sufiiciently to bring nose 12 into line with surface l3 and latch M will be rocked to ineffective'position and the hammer Bl fires, printing the 1 unless prevented by hammer block shield 82 to be described. In all of the banks except the two anna banks, the movement causedby gap distance 5! will bring a zero type to printing position. In the bank of Fig. 7 that same movement caused by gap 5'1 brings the blank type to printing position as no printed zero is ever wanted in that bank. In the bank of Fig. 5.the "8 type is brought to printing position by the movement in closing gap 51. In none of the banks will the printing hammer unlatching pawl bemoved to" effective position by movement of the stop bar against the zero stop. However, provision is made for the automatic printing of zeros to the right of significant digits that are printed by having a finger 84 (Fig. 9) of the printing hammer latch of a lower bank pass in back of the latch of the next higher bank, so that when a latch of a higher bank is released'it' carries withit the latches of all the lower banks. The printing hammer latch. for the highest anna bank has no such finger, and zeros or the-equivalentwill not be printed in orders lower than the units ofrupees merely because a rupee key has been'operated.

On the left side otthe-type'case 62 (Fig. 5)v of printer bar 59 of the lowest anna orderis fastened hammer block. shield 82 that. extends; into the path 'ofrmovement of the printing'hammer 3! (Fig. 7) of the highest anna bank, and is high enough so that type bar 59 (Figs 5) must rise until at least the 0 type in case 52 is opposite the printing station before printing hammer 8! (Fig. 7) can but either the blank type or the 1 type. The blank type has no function except to act as a stop for the hammer.

The split diverging lever construction On a downwardly extending arm 9%! (Figs. 5 and 6) of printer portion 40 of the split diverging lever for the lowest anna bank is a stud 9! which is spaced away from surface 92 on the forward edge of the downwardly extending arm 93 of stop bar portion 39, by reason of the fact that bail 48 is holding the two parts in home position. A spring 94 tends to bring the arms as and 53 together until stud 9| strikes surface 92. This will happen when bail 48 is given its forward and downward movement in the first half of a machine cycle unless prevented by a latch oper ated to effective position when the highest anna order diverging lever is given a step of movement in addition to the movement caused by gap 51. as will be explained. This always gives the printer bar 59 two steps of movement in addition to that caused by the movement of stop bar portion 3'9 as the stop bar moves to the zero stop element, providing the latch 95 has not been moved to effective position. This three steps of movement serves to bring the 0 type to the printing station during a machine operation if no key has been depressed. If a key has been depressed printer bar 58 moves further, according to the value of the depressed key. The stop bar 4! is positionable to one of seven places other than zero through the placement of the stop lugs 95.

The highest anna bank The highest anna bank shown in Fig. 7 has lugs such as lugs 91, on its stop bar that permits it to have but one step of movement beyond the movement against the zero stop element to close gap 5'1, no matter which key is operated.

The forwardly extending arm 93 of diverging lever 35 has a stud 9B which on the movement of stop bar 63 against zero stop element as merely touches an arm Hill on a lever ifll pivoted at to a frame-supported bracket Hi2, but which rocks lever ltll counter-clockwise slightly if the stop bar moves the extra unit under the control of a depressed key. Lever In! is kept in home position against stud 594 by a spring Hi5.

On the movement of stop bar as against the zero stop element the blank type 68 is moved to printing position, and on the next unit of movement, under key controL'the 1 type is moved to printing position.

The control of the higher anna diverging lever over printing in the lower anna bank Pivoted at I06 (Fig. 5) to arm 93 is the latch 95 which when moved from its ineffective position shown, in a clockwise direction, presents a blocking surface I07 to a square stud I08 on arm 90, preventing the two-step relative movement between elements 39 and iii. Referring to Fig. '7, a stud it!!! on latch. 95 rides in the forked end of lever 19! and latch 95 thereby is rocked to effective position as lever H3! is rocked by stud 98.

As latch 95 cannot become efiective until stop bar 43 has moved a step beyond the zero stop element, means isprovided to preliminarily block relative. movement of elements 39 and 4% (see Fig.

iacvans 7 5) until latch 95 has had a chance to get behind stud I08. Another latch H (Fig. 8) is pivoted on stud I06 on arm 93 and when the parts are in home position is held rocked counter-clockwise against stud I08 by a spring I I I, blocking movement between elements 39 and 40 until bail 48 has made sufficient movement to allow lever II to be rocked. A pawl I I2 pivoted at I03 to bracket I02 has a forwardly-extending arm with a cam surface H3 and an end that makes contact with the under surface of a stud H4 on arm H5 secured to shaft 30. As shaft 30 rocks counterclockwise enough movement is allowed the diverging lever 36 to rock lever IBI before stud H4 strikes surface H3 and rocks pawl H2 counterclockwise. When pawl II2 rocks counter-clockwise a rearwardly extending arm I I6 thereon engages a stud I I1 on latch I I0, lifting it to free element 40. Such freeing of element 40 occurs every machine operation but is ineffectual to release element 40 when latch 95 has moved to effective position.

The key bridges As previously stated there is a bridge coupling between the 1 and 9 anna keys whereby depression of the 9 key carries down the 1 key but not the reverse.

Referring to Figs. 2 and 3, the right hand one of two bridged keys has secured to its stem a finger I20 which extends under the key cap i2I of its left-hand key. This allows the right hand key to be depressed without effect on the lefthand key, but when the left-hand key is depressed it carries the right hand key with it. The same bridging construction couples the 10 and 2" keys, the "11 and "3 keys, the 12 and 4 keys, the 13 and 5 keys, the 14 and 6" keys, and the "15 and 7 keys.

The totalizer Only the totalizer pinions of the lowest order of annas and the highest order of annas are shown in the drawings. The lowest order of annas pinions are shown in Fig. 5, the add pinion I having eight teeth being meshed with a similar subtract pinion I26, one or the other of these pinion being meshed with a rack IN on arm 42 of diverging lever 39 when the machine is at rest. At the commencement of a machine operation the pinions are disengaged and the totalizer justed so either pinion I25 or I26 is in line with rack I21. Then element 39 has its excursion of movement counter-clockwise under control of the keys, and near mid-cycle the pinions are reengaged with the rack which then moves with the I? element 39 to home position entering the set-up value into said pinion. The pinion I25 is pro vided with transfer pawls which transfer, through transfer lever I28, a unit of data into the highest order anna totalizer pinions whenever pinion I25 passes through its zero position. The highest order annas bank has an add pinion I29 (Fig. '7) having ten teeth, and a similar subtract pinion I is meshed therewith. Pinion I29 has a number of transfer pawls so that a transfor is made as every other tooth passes over transfer lever I3 I. The pies totalizer wheels, not shown, have twelve teeth and transfer on every twelfth count and the totalizer wheels for the rupee banks have ten teeth and transfer on every tenth count. All of the totalizer wheels are mounted on a common frame and are engaged and disengaged with their respectiv racks together. As this invention, in its novel aspect, pertains principally to printing, the details of the totalizer engaging, transfer, and add-subtract controls have not been given, but referenc again is made to the Carlson et al. applications for details.

Operation The operation of the novel mechanism will be explained with reference to a series of entries shown on the printer tape of Fig. 4. I The operator sets up the first amount of 1 rupee, l0 annas, and 11 pics on the keyboard, and thereafter sets the machine in operation. The one rupee is printed directly from the setting given the associated printer bar by the differential of the lowest order of rupees, in the usual manner. Having pressed the 10 key in the highest annas bank, the 2 key in the lowest annas bank is carried down by means of the bridge connection, the latch (Fig. 5) is moved to effective position, the highest annas bank differential moves one step in addition to the Zero" movement and thenthe lowest annas order bank differential moves two steps in addition to the Zero movement. The lowest order anna totalizer wheel moves two units and. the highest order anna totalizer wheel moves one unit which is the equivalent of an eight count. Inasmuch as the totalizer wheels representing the annas cannot be read decimally, the cabinet has no openings opposite them, but the decimal translation appears as the first item on the printed tape. The next transaction is set up on the keys by depressing the 2 rupee key, th 8" anna key, and the 5" pie key. The lowest rupee differential moves two steps, the highest anna bank differential moves only to po sition the 1 type at the printing position and in doing so moves the highest order anna totalizer wheel one step for a countof eight, and the lowest anna bank differential moves to the zero stop to position the 8" type at the prlntingstation. As th printing hammers are fired that for the highest annas bank hits the hammer block 82 but in doing so carries the lowest anna order hammer with it and the lowest annas bank prints an eight. Thus, it is seen the data is entered in the highest annas order totalizer wheel and printed by the lowest annas order printing mechanism.

The foregoing adequately explains the operation of the novel mechanism, the tape of Fig. 4 showing a summation of several items to illustrate the mode of decimally printing the Indian monetary notation.

While the form of mechanism herein shown and described is admirably adapted to fulfill. the objects primarily stated, it is to be understood that it is not intended to confine the invention to the one form or embodiment herein disclosed, for it is susceptible of embodiment in various other forms.

What is claimed is:

1. In a calculating machine for registering the Indian currency denominations of pies,

annas, and rupees, and having a totalizer with a twelve-toothed pies pinion, an eight-toothed annas pinion of lower order, a ten-toothed annas pinion of higher order, and a plurality of ten-toothed rupee pinions, all arranged in a denominational series including transfer devices operative so the pies pinion transfers to the eight-toothed annaspinion' a unit equal to one anna for every twelve pies accumulated, the eight-toothed anna pinion transfers to the tentoothed annas pinion a unit equal toeight annas 9 for every eight annas accumulated, the tentcothed annas pinion transfers to the lowest rupee pinion a unit equal to one rupee for every sixteen annas accumulated, and each rupee pinion transfers a unit to the next higher pinion decimally, the combination of a keyboard having a higher anna order group of keys associated with the ten-toothed anna wheel representing the numbers 8 to 15 inclusive, and having a lower anna order group of keys associated with the eight-toothed annas wheel representing the numbers 1 to 7 inclusive, there being couplings whereby operating the 9 key operates the 1 key, operating the 10 key operates the 2 key, operating the 11 key operates the 3 key, operating the 12 key operates the 4 key, operating the 13 key operates the 5 key, operating the 14 key operates the "6 key, and operating the 15 key operates the 7 key; a printer bar associated with higher annas order, said printer bar having thereon only the type character 1; a printer bar associated with the lower annas order, said printing bar having the type characters 8, (9,2) 0,2: 1, 2, n3, 4 a d 5, 6, and 7, in that order; a zero stop element for each of the key groups, normally in effective position, but each being moved to ineifective position when a key of the associated group is operated; a stop bar for each group of keys, moving, during a machine operation a zero distance against the associated zero stop element if it is in effective position or a further distance under control of the associated keys if one has been operated, the stop bar associated with the keys 8 to 15 never moving past the zero stop more than a distance of one unit equal to eight annas, and the stop bar for the key group having the keys 1 to 7 moving a number of units equal to the value of the operated key, each unit being equal to one anna; a differential diverging lever coupled to the stop bar associated with the higher anna order and to the associated printer bar, so that during a machine operation if there is a key of the 8 to 15 group operated the 1 type character will be moved to printing position; a stop bar differential diverging lever element coupled to the stop bar associated with the group of keys "1 to 7 and moved with it during a machine operation to represent zero or the values from 1 to 7, according to the value of the depressed key; a printer bar differential diverging lever element coupled to the printer bar associated with the lower order annas keys which is allowed to move during a machine cycle until stopped by the stop bar difierential diverging lever element, said movement of the printer bar differential diverging lever element normally being unimpeded by the stop bar diverging lever element for two free units of movement so that if no one of the anna keys 1 to 7 is operated the anna "0 type character will be positioned at the printing station; a blocking member on the stop bar diverging lever element that is moved to efiective position by the diverging lever associated with stop bar of the higher anna order, when said latter stop bar moves a unit distance under control of a depressed key, blocking the free two unit movement of the printer bar diverging lever element; a printing hammer blocking shield extending from the anna printer bar having the type characters 8, 9, 0, 1, n2, n3, n4, n5, 6n a d I7 i fro t 0f th anna printer bar having the type character 1; a printing hammer for each printer bar held cocked by an associated latch in potentially operative condition at the commencement of a machine operation, each latch except that for the anna order that transfers to the lowest rupee order having a finger that extends in front of the latch of next higher order in the path of unlatching movement so that in the event the higher anna order printing hammer is fired so will the lower anna order printing hammer; a printing hammer unlatching pawl for each printing hammer, each being held in an ineffective position by its associated printer bar but which is allowed to move to effective position as its associated stop bar moves past the zero stop position, moving the associated printer bar accordingly, the movement of the stop bar of the lower anna order past the zero stop position causing such movement of the associated printer bar so as to move the printing hammer shield to ineffective position; and means to move the printing hammer latch pawls in an unlatching direction after the printer bars have been positioned, whereby the accumulated amount of annas is printed.

2. The machine of claim 1 in which means is provided to prevent the printer bar differential diverging lever element of the lower anna order from having its two units of free movement until the higher anna order diverging lever has had a chance to make its single step of movement.

No references cited. 

